Kudin jigilar kaya na kwantena na dala $25000 shine sabon al'ada na rashin aiwatar da kwangila a sarkar samar da kayayyaki

Waɗanda ke neman labarai masu daɗi game da yanayin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na duniya na iya jira. Bankin saka hannun jari da ke mai da hankali kan ƙasa ba ya ganin matsalar sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta yanzu, ko kuma ƙarin farashi mai alaƙa da ita, wanda ya sauƙaƙa musu na dogon lokaci.

A cikin wani rahoto da aka fitar ranar Litinin, UBS ta ce karuwar takunkumin samar da kayayyaki da ke shafar tsarin jigilar kayayyaki na duniya na haifar da cikas wanda "ba za a iya sassauta shi nan ba da jimawa ba." Mafi mahimmanci, bayan akalla watanni 12, hauhawar farashin kwantena ba za a iya daidaita shi da yawa ba.

Masu sharhi da ke da alhakin harkokin kasuwancin dillalan kayayyaki na bankin saka hannun jari a Amurka sun ce kwanan nan kamfanin ya yi wani taron tattaunawa da kwararru biyu a fannin jigilar kaya, wadanda suka gano manyan dalilai guda uku da suka haifar da cikas: katsewar tashar jiragen ruwa, karancin ma'aikata da kuma rashin isasshen wurin adana kaya don adana kayayyaki.

Hukumar UBS ta ce ko da an magance waɗannan matsaloli uku, tashin hankalin kasuwa na iya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayi mafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba saboda dogon lokaci na buƙatar da ta wuce wadatar da ake da ita.

Lamarin ya yi tsanani sosai har ta kai ga Hukumar Kula da Dillalan Kaya ta Ƙasa (NRF) ta nemi ganawa da Shugaba Joe Biden da sauran shugabannin gwamnati don tattauna ci gaba da ƙalubalen cunkoso da hauhawar farashin kaya. Ƙungiyar Kula da Tufafi da Takalma ta Amurka (AAFA) da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles sun yi kira ga gwamnati ta sa baki.

UBS ta ce ta yi tsammanin lokutan sufuri na watan Agusta da Satumba za su sake shiga matsala yayin da dillalai ke ƙoƙarin sake ɗebo kayayyaki kafin hutun 2021, amma ba ta amsa buƙatun yin tsokaci ba. Ko da ba tare da manyan ƙuntatawa kan sarkar samar da kayayyaki ba, yawanci wadatar kayayyaki tana da ƙasa a lokacin lokutan da suka fi zafi kuma ƙarfin kwantena yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar farashin sufuri. Yanzu, tare da sarkakiyar waɗannan matsalolin, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, hauhawar jigilar kaya ba shakka zai zama babbar matsala ga dillalai.

A cikin rahoton, UBS ta ce kwararru sun ce farashin kwantena ya ci gaba da hauhawa saboda ƙarancin wadata. Musamman ma, wani kwararre ya nuna cewa tun daga watan Agusta na 2020, farashin kowace kwantenar zuwa gabar yamma yana tsakanin dala $8000 zuwa $9000, yayin da jigilar kaya zuwa gabar gabas take tsakanin dala $12000. Bugu da ƙari, wani kwararre ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta, farashin kwantenar ya kai dala $20000 zuwa $25000.

UBS ta ce hakan babban sauyi ne idan aka kwatanta da watan Yunin 2019, shekaru biyu da suka gabata, lokacin da farashin kwantena a gabar tekun yamma ya kai kimanin dala $1000, yayin da matsakaicin farashin kwantena a gabar tekun gabas ya kai dala $2200.

Sauran kasuwanni kuma sun sami ci gaba mai yawa. Jigilar kwantena masu tsawon ƙafa 40 daga Shanghai zuwa Rotterdam, Netherlands, ta karu da kashi 534% a shekara zuwa $11196, a cewar ma'aunin kwantena na duniya na Drury da aka fitar a ranar Alhamis. Wannan shine mafi girman farashi a cikin manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci guda takwas na Gabashin Yamma da Drury ya yi nazari a kansu (mai jigilar kaya zencargo ya ruwaito a ranar 9 ga Yuni cewa yana kashe $10522 don jigilar kwantena iri ɗaya a kan hanya ɗaya). Ma'aunin haɗa kayayyaki na Drury, wanda ke auna dukkan kayayyaki guda takwas na kaya, ya tashi da kashi 306% a shekara zuwa $6957.

Jiragen ruwa na Faransa da Japan sun sanya ƙarin haraji kan kayayyakin da ke kan hanyarsu ta zuwa China

Abin da ya ƙara dagula lamarin shi ne, jiragen ruwa masu jigilar kwantena a Japan (Ocean network express, ko ɗaya) da Faransa (CMA CGM) sun ƙara ƙarin kuɗin jigilar kaya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yantian ta China saboda cunkoso da ƙarancin kwantena. Domin biyan kuɗin da aka karkatar da kayayyaki zuwa Yantian, CMA CGM tana karɓar ƙarin kuɗin dala $1250 a kowace kwantenar, yayin da ɗaya ke ƙara farashin da dala $1000.

CMA CGM ta aiwatar da ƙarin kuɗin a ranar 11 ga Yuni, amma ba za a caji wasu ƙasashe ba har sai ranar 21 ga Yuli, ciki har da Amurka da yankunanta na ƙasashen waje, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Uruguay da Paraguay.

A yanayin cunkoso da jinkiri a Turai, Amurka da Asiya, ɗaya da Maersk sun cire wurin da ke tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yantian don ci gaba da jadawalin aiki. Maersk ta ruwaito cewa yankin gabashin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yantian, wacce ke kula da jiragen ruwa na cikin gida, yana da ƙimar aiki na kashi 45% na yawan aiki na yau da kullun.

Duk da haka, duk da cewa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yantian na ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙuntatawa sakamakon cutar covid-19, nazarin everstream ya ba da rahoton ƙarin daidaita ayyukan, tare da raguwar yawan yadi da lokacin jira na jiragen ruwa a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan kamar yadda aka yi a ranar Talata. Ana sa ran masu gudanar da tashar jiragen ruwa za su ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukansu na yau da kullun daga ƙarshen watan Yuni.

Wataƙila babban koma-baya ga hauhawar farashi shine tsawon lokacin da za a ɗauka kafin a koma yadda aka saba. Masana da UBS ta ambato sun kuma yi imanin cewa ba za a sami babban gyara a cikin ƙimar riba cikin watanni 12-18 daga yanzu ba. Ko da kuwa yanayin wadata da buƙata yana da tabbas, za a iya samun "sabon yanayi" a farashin kwantena.

"Bugu da ƙari, a lokuta da yawa, ba a cika kwangiloli ba. Wannan ya sa wasu masu shigo da kaya suka nemi kayayyaki a gida," in ji takardar.

Babban layin dogo yana da zafi da cunkoso

A cewar tattaunawar UBS, takunkumi a duk fadin sarkar yana da mummunan tasiri ga wasu daga cikin manyan tsarin layin dogo na kasar, musamman layin dogo na BNSF da United Pacific.

"Duka BNSF da unp suna fuskantar matsalar jinkirin tashi da kwantena daga tashoshin yankin Chicago (da kuma Memphis na BNSF), kuma ƙaruwar/rashin sarari ya haifar da layukan dogo na Yammacin duniya suna auna kwararar jiragen ƙasa da kwantena daga Kudancin California zuwa Midwest," in ji UBS a cikin rahoton "Duk da cewa ƙarfin sufuri na iya zama abin da ke iyakancewa, ƙuntatawa a cikin rumbun ajiya a Chicago da Memphis suma sun zama matsala."

Duk da haka, hauhawar farashin jigilar kaya a teku na iya haifar da karuwar kudaden shiga da suka shafi jigilar kaya a teku na masu jigilar kaya a kwata na biyu.

"Bayanin da kwararrun suka bayar kan kiranmu ya sa muka yi imani cewa kasuwar jigilar kwantena ta ruwa mai tsauri da kuma katsewar tashoshin jiragen ruwa na iya tallafawa ƙarfin yawan kwantena na ruwa na masu jigilar kaya, jimillar kudaden shiga da kuma aikin samun kuɗin shiga na gaba ɗaya a kwata na biyu, kuma wannan tallafin zai iya ɗaukar tsawon lokaci har zuwa 2022," in ji sanarwar.

Har yanzu Amurka na fuskantar takunkumin da ba dole ba game da filaye da jiragen ruwa

Binciken Everstream ya nuna a cikin taƙaitaccen bayanin sa na mako-mako game da tasirin annobar COVID-19 akan sarkar samar da kayayyaki a ranar 22 ga Yuni cewa Amurka za ta tsawaita takunkumin tafiye-tafiye marasa amfani a kan hanyoyin shiga ƙasa da jiragen ruwa tare da Kanada da Mexico zuwa 21 ga Yuli don rage yaɗuwar annobar. Coronavirus. An rufe iyakokin kan iyaka tun Maris 2020, kuma an tsawaita takunkumin duk wata tun daga lokacin.

Duk da yawan allurar riga-kafi da kuma saurin murmurewa a Amurka, har yanzu akwai cunkoso a kasuwar duniya. An soke zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa da kuma dawowa daga filin jirgin saman Bao'an da ke Shenzhen, China, bayan da hukumomi suka sanya takunkumi kan gano nau'ikan cutar coronavirus na delta. Everstream ya ce filin jirgin saman na iya cunkoso sakamakon haka.

Indonesia, wacce take da yawan jama'a na huɗu a duniya, ta tsaurara takunkumi kan zirga-zirga a "yankin ja" ciki har da Jakarta cikin makonni biyu tun daga ranar 22 ga Yuni saboda karuwar masu kamuwa da cutar covid-19. Hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu sun tsaurara matakai a duk fadin kasar tun daga ranar 15 ga Yuni, kuma sun ɗaga matakin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar a matakin 5 na ƙasar daga "mataki na 2" zuwa "mataki na 3".

A gefe guda kuma, Japan ta ɗage dokar hana zirga-zirga ta gaggawa ta Covid-19 a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni a gundumomi tara cikin goma, ciki har da Tokyo. Okinawa ta kasance ita kaɗai yankin da ta sanya takunkumi, wanda zai ci gaba har zuwa ranar 11 ga watan Yuli.